Arbeitskommandos (Work Camps)
supplied from Stalag IV-D
This is a list of
Arbeitskommandos (Work Camps) supplied with PoW labour from Stalag IV-D.
It is not comprehensive as a full list of all AKs for this or any other
camp appears not to exist today in Germany or elsewhere.
It has been compiled by DIZ,
Torgau using camp inspection reports of the Red Cross whose visits to AKs were
by no means all-inclusive. These entries are in BLACK. I have
supplemented the list with a few other AKs (in BLUE)
mentioned in the
liberated PoW interrogation questionnaires available to view in the
National Archives at Kew, London. Again these are by no means
comprehensive as I have only looked at a handful of the 140,000+ reports held
there. I hope to add to the list from this source as and when time
allows. If anyone can add new AKs to the list please let me know via the
"Contact Me" link and I will add them in GREEN.
Some of the reports were written
in French and certain words were in German. My thanks to the director of
DIZ, Torgau for his assistance with translation where required. One or two
words however still defy my translation skills and have been left in RED. Again, if anyone can assist in translation
or with any additional information about kommandos supplied from IV-D, please
contact me.
Copyright © Graham Johnson
2008.
As with the whole of this site, no
content may be copied or published elsewhere without the express written
permission of the author.
In particular, the following list may not be
copied or published without permission from the webmaster and DIZ, Torgau.
Sources:
1) NARA, WAR CRIMES, Box 14,
Stalag IV-D Soviet & French Red Cross Reports. Available in DIZ archives,
Torgau.
2) British liberation questionnaires. National Archives, Kew
District Code
|
AK
No |
Location
|
Nationality |
Type of work
|
N/A
|
|
Merseburg
|
|
Augarten
Infirmary
|
N/A
|
|
Wittenberg
|
British
|
Weinberg-Wittenberg
Infirmary
|
N/A
|
|
Merseburg
|
French
|
Merseburg paper
factory
|
N/A
|
|
Bitterfeld
|
French
|
“Deutsche Grube” mine
|
N/A
|
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Railway
|
N/A
|
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Briquette factory
|
N/A
|
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Building
air-raid shelters; surface coal mine
|
N/A
|
|
Labrun
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
N/A
|
|
Jessen
|
British
|
Railway
|
N/A
|
|
Muhlberg
|
British
|
“Plessa” Coal
|
N/A
|
|
Kemberg
|
British
|
Labourer
|
N/A
|
|
Golpa
|
British
|
Surface
coal mine
|
N/A
|
|
Falkenberg
|
British
|
Railway
|
N/A
|
|
Mutschau
|
British
|
Coal
mining
|
N/A
|
603
|
Laussig
|
British
|
Cement factory
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annaburg
|
III
|
Annaburg
|
French
|
Porcelain works
|
Annaburg
|
I
|
Annaburg
|
French
|
|
B = Bitterfeld
+e = English
+R =
Russian
|
Be I
(Be 1?)
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Builder’s
labourer
|
Be
|
7
|
Duben
|
British &
Cypriot
|
Machine
factory, “odd jobs”
|
Be
|
9
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Clay pipe factory
|
B
|
5
|
Bitterfeld/
Wolfen area
|
|
|
B
|
12
|
Zscharnowitz
|
|
|
Be
|
XII(12?)
|
Bitterfeld
|
British
|
Camp leader;
railway
|
B
|
65
|
Bitterfeld
|
French
|
“Kali-Chemie”; decomposition crew
|
B |
67 |
Bitterfeld? |
French |
|
B
|
82
|
Bitterfeld
|
French
|
“I.G. Farben”: aluminium scrap metal camp
|
B
|
82
|
Bitterfeld
|
French
|
Workshop
(French: “Lager Marie”)
|
B
|
104/32
|
Renneritz bei Bitterfeld
|
Polish
|
|
BR
|
6
|
Bitterfeld/
Wolfen area
|
Soviet/
Serbian
|
|
BR
|
18
|
Bitterfeld/
Wolfen area
|
Soviet
/ Serbian
|
|
BR
|
24
|
Bitterfeld/
Wolfen area
|
Soviet
/ Serbian
|
|
D= Delitzsch
|
1
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
3
|
Beerendorf
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
3
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
4
|
Rackwitz
|
French
|
Disassembling
& rebuilding aircraft
|
D
|
5
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
8
|
Delitzsch
|
French
|
Town – craft
work
|
D
|
11
|
Delitzsch
|
French
|
Railway &
factory work
|
D
|
14
|
|
French
|
|
D
|
15
|
Eilenburg
|
French
|
“Bernhardi”
|
D
|
16
|
[N?WE/ALT]
|
French
|
|
D
|
26
|
Kertitz
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
29
|
Eilenburg
|
French
|
“168 men
working in a plywood factory”
|
D
|
30
|
Cletzen
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
40
|
Laue (?)
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
45
|
|
French
|
|
D
|
50
|
|
French
|
|
D
|
53
|
Rackwitz
|
French
|
Aluminium
factory
|
D
|
53
|
Rackwitz
|
French
|
Furnace work
|
D
|
63
|
Chladitz
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
68
|
Werben
|
French
|
Factory work
|
D
|
72
|
|
French
|
|
D
|
75
|
|
French
|
|
D
|
83
|
Beuden
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
202
|
Radweld
|
French
|
military
training area
|
D
|
207
|
Kreuma
|
French
|
Farm work
|
D
|
602
|
Klitschmar
|
British
|
|
D
|
603
|
Lussig
|
British
|
Making
cement pipes
|
D
|
605
|
Eilenburg
|
British
|
Railway
line repairs
|
D
|
607
|
Kreuma
|
British
|
Farm
labourer
|
Ei = Eisleben
|
34
|
Oberhütte
|
French
& British
|
Copper
mine
|
Ei ( ?)
|
30
|
Teutschenthal
|
French
|
Potassium
& salt mines
|
Ei
|
106 E
|
Langenbogen
|
British
|
Interpreter
|
Ei |
113 E
|
|
British
|
Copper
mining
|
Ei
|
114 E
|
Krugershall
|
British
|
Turner; salt mine
|
Ei |
116
E |
Etzdorf
|
British |
Probably
railway line repairs. Possibly loading rail wagons from nearby mines |
He=
Hettstedt
|
6
|
Hettstett
|
French
|
Armaments
factory
|
He |
102E
|
|
British |
Copper
smelting |
J = Jessen
|
|
Lindwerder
|
French
|
|
J
|
18
|
Jessen
|
French
|
|
J
|
22
|
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
J
|
33
|
Rade
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
J
|
42
|
Schweinitz
|
French
|
Farm
work, factory work
|
J
|
48
|
Annaburg
|
French
|
Farm
work, factory work
|
J
|
52
|
Bethau
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
J
|
57
|
Purzien
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
J
|
62
|
Mönchenhöfe
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
J
|
63
|
|
French
|
Military
fuel depot
|
J |
501 |
|
British |
Railway
line repairs
|
L=(Bad?)
Liebenwerda
|
4
|
Brottewitz
|
French
|
Sugar
factory
|
L
|
6
|
Burxdorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
7
|
Dolstheida
|
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
L
|
8
|
Elsterwerda
|
French
|
Craft
work
|
L
|
9
|
Elsterwerda
|
British
|
“The camp
adjoins Elsterwerda-Biehla station.”
|
L
|
9
|
Brottewitz
|
French
|
Sugar factory
[July 1941]
|
L
|
10
|
Elsterwerda
|
French
|
Public
utilities
|
L
|
12
|
Biehla
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
12
|
Liebenwerda
|
|
Sawmills,
borough council (also called Stadtwerke I)
|
L
|
13
|
Elsterwerda
|
French
|
Tearing (Effilochage)
|
L
|
14
|
Biehla
|
French
|
Garage
|
L
|
15
|
Biehla
|
French
|
Sand quarry
|
L
|
18
|
Gröden
|
French
|
Coal briquette
factory
|
L
|
22
|
Hohenleipisch
|
French
|
Luftmuna (= Luftwaffe munitions
factory)
|
L
|
22
|
Hohenleipisch
|
French
|
Aircraft
munitions depot
|
L
|
25
|
Lauchhammer
Bockwitz
|
British&
French
|
Foundry, iron
& steelworks; sawmill
|
L
|
29
|
Krauschütz
|
French
|
Farm
work, craft work
|
L
|
31
|
Lauchhammer
|
French
|
Coal
briquette factory
|
L
|
32
|
Lauchhammer Oberhammer
I
|
French
|
Steel works
(“Mitteldeutsche Stahlwerke”)
|
L
|
34
|
Kleinleipisch
|
French&
British
|
Surface coal mine railway maintenance;
Factory work; railway repairs
|
L
|
34
|
|
French
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
L
|
35
|
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
39
|
Mückenberg [heute
zu Lauchhammer]
|
|
“Thron”
factory
|
L
|
40
|
Mückenberg [heute
zu Lauchhammer]
|
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
L
|
41
|
Mückenberg [heute
zu Lauchhammer]
|
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
L
|
50
|
Plessa
|
|
Farm
work ; factory work
|
L
|
52
|
Prieschka
|
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
53
|
Reichenhain
|
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
61
|
Dobra
|
|
Farm work,
factory work, craft work
|
L
|
67
|
Torgau
|
French
|
Villeroy et
Boch (porcelain factory) [July
1941]
|
L
|
71
|
Bockwitz [heute
zu Lauchhammer]
|
American |
|
L
|
72
|
Dolstheida
|
French
|
Metal work,
factory work ; general repairs
|
L
|
75
|
|
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
L
|
77
|
Kleinleipisch
|
French
|
Coal
mine
|
L
|
78
|
Grunenwalde
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
L
|
79
|
Elsterwerda
|
French
|
Electrical
work
|
L
|
88
|
Brotwitz
|
British
|
General labouring
|
L
|
92
|
Mückenberg [heute
zu Lauchhammer]
|
French
|
Iron works;
also: Mückenberg- Iron works
|
L
|
101
|
Bockwitz
|
|
|
L
|
101
|
Liebenwerda
|
French
|
Tree nursery
|
L
|
102
|
Bockwitz
|
|
|
L
|
102
|
Elsterwerda
|
|
|
L
|
102
|
Liebenwerda
|
French
|
“Bezirk” repair workshop
|
L
|
109
|
Hohenleipisch
|
|
“Rob. Krüger”
factory
|
L
|
110
|
Ortrand
(nr Dresden)
|
British
|
Cement
|
L
|
111
|
|
|
“Oberlaussiger”
Gravel & sand pits
|
L
|
113
|
Elsterwerda
|
|
“Hohenzollern”
steel works
|
L
|
116
|
Elsterwerda
|
|
“Heinrich”
factory work (machine construction, auto repairs)
|
L
|
121
|
Plessa
|
|
Brown coal
works
|
L
|
123
|
Elsterwerda
|
|
“Richard
Schober”
|
L
|
126
|
Bockwitz
|
|
|
L
|
143
|
|
|
Farm work,
workshop & light industry
|
Me=
Merseburg
|
1
|
Bad
Lauchstädt
|
French
|
Mineral
water
|
Me
|
2
|
Bad
Lauchstädt
|
French
|
“BUNA” factory
|
Me
|
4
|
Altranstädt
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
5
|
Bad
Lauchstädt
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
6
|
Benndorf
|
French
|
Metal
repairs
|
Me
|
7
|
Benndorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
12
|
Delitzsch-Am-Berg
|
French
|
|
Me
|
13
|
Goddula
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
18
|
Grossgöhren
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
19
|
Gross-Görschen
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
20
|
Kauern
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
21
|
Merseburg-Leuna
|
French
|
|
Me
|
21
|
|
French
|
|
Me
|
22
|
Merseburg-Leuna
|
French
|
Building
|
Me
|
23
|
Merseburg
|
French
|
Paper
factory
|
Me
|
25
|
Kitzen
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
27
|
Kötzschau
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
31
|
Lutzen
|
British
|
Blacksmith
|
Me
|
31 E
|
Lutzen
|
British
|
Sugar factory
|
Me
|
34
|
Merseburg
|
French
|
|
Me
|
34
|
Leuna-West
|
French
|
Workshop
|
Me
|
36
|
Zscherben
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
45
|
Seegel
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
46
|
Söhesten
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
47
|
Schkölen
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Me
|
48
|
Starsiedel
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Ne = Nauendorf
|
|
|
|
|
Re/o (?)
|
|
|
French
|
Salt mine
|
Rei = Reiderburg
|
|
|
|
|
Rei
|
1
|
|
French
|
Paper
factory
|
Rei |
1/113
|
Halle |
Some/all British |
Building air-raid shelters |
Rei
|
4
|
Ammendorf
|
French
|
Armaments
factory; Coach/wagon factory
|
Rei
|
6
|
Halle
|
French
|
Coffee
factory
|
Rei
|
7
|
|
French
|
Refinery,
oils, acids
|
Rei
|
8
|
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
Rei
|
9
|
Halle
|
French
|
Terrassements
|
Rei
|
10
|
|
French
|
Boiler
making
|
Rei
|
11
|
|
French
|
Valves -
bridges
|
Rei
|
12
|
|
French
|
Farm
machinery
|
Rei
|
13/17
|
|
French
|
Armaments
(artillery, bridges)
|
Rei
|
14
|
|
French
|
Construction:
machinery & bridges
|
Rei
|
15
|
Halle
|
French
|
RAW Halle
[railway repair shop]
|
Rei
|
16
|
|
French
|
Body
repair shop
|
Rei
|
18
|
|
French
|
Unloading
railway wagons ; sweets factory
|
Rei
|
19
|
Reideburg
|
French
|
Air-raid
shelter construction at Leuna
|
Rei |
19/53
|
|
French
|
Town “service”
|
Rei
|
21
|
Lochau (Lockau?)
|
French
|
Lignite
(brown coal) mine
|
Rei
|
22
|
|
French
|
|
Rei
|
23
|
Halle
|
French
|
Armaments
|
Rei
|
24
|
Halle
|
French
|
City
tramways (rail maintenance)
|
Rei
|
26
|
Halle
|
French
|
Sugar
works
|
Rei
|
27
|
|
French
|
|
Rei
|
30
|
|
French
|
Metal
frames; bodywork
|
Rei
|
31
|
Halle
|
French
|
“Krauss” bakery; food
products
|
Rei
|
34
|
Halle
|
French
|
Piping
|
Rei
|
36
|
Nietleben
|
French
|
Aircraft
controls manufacture
|
Rei
|
37
|
|
French
|
Salt
mine
|
Rei
|
40
|
Halle
|
French
|
Rail
track
|
Rei
|
42
|
Halle
|
French
|
Repairing
tractors and farm machinery
|
Rei
|
43
|
Halle
|
French
|
Joinery
|
Rei
|
45
|
Halle
|
French
|
Valve factory
|
Rei
|
47
|
Halle
|
French
|
Armaments
|
Rei
|
48
|
Halle
|
French
|
Armaments
|
Rei
|
49
|
|
French
|
|
Rei
|
52
|
Halle
|
French
|
Foundry
|
Rei
|
54
|
Halle
|
French
|
Bakery
|
Rei
|
55
|
Halle
|
French
|
Joinery
|
Rei
|
58
|
Halle
|
French
|
Photographic
film reel factory
|
Rei
|
61
|
Halle
|
French
|
Laboratory
|
Rei
|
62
|
Halle
|
French
|
Halle
town service
|
Rei
|
65
|
|
French British
|
Motorway
construction; loading/unloading steel rods
|
Rei
|
68 (?)
|
Halle
|
French
|
Bakery
|
Rei
|
119
|
Halle
|
|
|
Reich
|
22
|
|
French
|
Delivering coal
|
Rei
|
104
|
Halle
|
British
|
Brick factory
|
Reich
|
27
|
|
French
|
Cement factory
|
Reich
|
36
|
[Nietleben?]
|
French
|
Aviation workshop
|
Reich
|
37
|
|
French
|
Salt mine
|
Reich
|
49
|
|
French
|
Salt works
|
Sch=
Schlieben?
|
1 (?)
|
Arnsnesta
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
2
|
Buckau
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
3
|
|
French
|
Mine
|
Sch
|
4
|
Falkenberg
|
French
|
Sawmill; Railway
|
Sch
|
6
|
|
French
|
Locomotive repair
|
Sch
|
13
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
14
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
16
|
|
French
|
|
Sch
|
18
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Sawmill
|
Sch
|
19
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Joinery
|
Sch
|
20
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
|
Sch
|
21
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Railway
|
Sch
|
22
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
23
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Factory work, various boucherons
|
Sch
|
24
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Factory work, various boucherons
|
Sch
|
26
|
Herzberg
|
French
|
Town
|
Sch
|
30
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
31
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
32
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
34
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
35
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
40
|
Mahdel
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
41
|
Malitzsch-kendorf
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
43
|
Neunaundorf [vermut.l]
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
45
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
46
|
Rahnisdorf
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
47
|
Redlin
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
49
|
Schlieben
|
French
|
Farm work etc
|
Sch
|
56
|
|
French
|
Factory work
|
Sch
|
63
|
|
French
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
64
|
Fermerswalde
|
French
|
Sawmill
|
Sch
|
168
|
|
|
Farm work
|
Sch
|
184
|
Falkenberg
|
|
|
Sch
|
186
|
|
American
|
|
T= Torgau
|
|
Bürgergarten
|
French
|
HQ admin work
|
T
|
|
Torgau
|
British
|
Bricklayer
|
T
|
3E?
|
Torgau
|
British
|
General labouring
|
T
|
4
|
Belgern
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
7
|
|
French
|
|
T
|
15
|
Langen-reichenbach
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
18
|
Dommitzsch
|
French
|
Farm work, factory work
|
T
|
18
|
Mahlitzsch
|
|
Farm work, factory work
|
T
|
22
|
|
French
|
Farm work, factory work
|
T
|
26
|
Schildau
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
28
|
Torgau
|
French
|
“Sammellager Torgau, Eilenburger Str. 20”. Various jobs
|
T
|
29
|
Staritz
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
T
|
32
|
Torgau
|
French
|
Villeroy
(porcelain works)
|
T
|
35
|
Prettin
|
French
|
Factory
work, enamel
|
T
|
35
|
Pötschke
(? = Fa.)
|
French
|
Enamel,
tiles
|
T
|
37
|
Dommitzsch
|
French
|
Pot factory
|
T
|
44
|
Losswig
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
45
|
Melpitz
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
52
|
Mahla
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
56
|
Mockritz
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
58
|
Zinna
|
French
|
Farm work
|
T
|
68
|
Dorino-Dommitzsch
|
French
|
“Döring,
Dorino o.ä.” factory
|
T
|
71
|
Prettin
|
French
|
Farm work - factory work
|
T
|
75
|
Torgau
|
French
|
“Muna” (army
munitions factory)
|
T
|
76
|
Elsnig
|
French
|
“WASAG“ munitions factory
|
T
|
82
|
Torgau
|
|
All sorts of work
|
T
|
84
|
|
French
|
|
T
|
94
|
(Prettin?)
|
French
|
Barracks
|
T
|
202
|
Torgau
|
French
|
Caring for horses
|
T
|
202
|
|
French
|
|
W = Wittenberg
|
|
Wittenberg
|
British
|
Wittenberg city administration
|
W
|
3
|
Bietegast
|
French
|
Farm work
|
W
|
10
|
Wittenberg
|
French
|
“Manersti”
(shoe-makers & tailors); accommodated in the same building as W24
|
W
|
12
|
Rackith
|
French
|
Farm work;
craft work
|
W
|
13
|
Wittenberg
|
French
|
Joinery
(carpenters’ guild) and other work
|
W
|
14
|
Rahnsdorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
15
|
Wetzig
|
French
|
Workshop
|
A??
|
16
|
Wittenberg
|
British
|
“SidolWerk” factory
|
W
|
19
|
Gut Rützsch [Roitzsch ?]
|
French
|
Farm work
|
W
|
24
|
Wittenberg
|
French
|
Sentry service,
Tauentzien barracks; local army administration; administrative work for
military and civilians
|
W
|
25
|
Wergzahna
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
26
|
Zahna
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
26
|
Abtsdorf
|
French
|
State
farm
|
W
|
27
|
Kropstädt
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
28
|
Reinsdorf
|
French
|
WASAG (Wittenberg) munitions factory
|
W
|
31
|
|
French
|
“Thompson-Werke” (wax, detergent etc factory)
|
W
|
47
|
Bulzig (W 47 – 48)
|
French
|
Factory
& farm work
|
W
|
48
|
Bulzig (W 47 – 48)
|
French
|
Factory
& farm work
|
W
|
50
|
Kurzlipsdorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
53
|
Mederau (Möderau
?)
|
French
|
|
W
|
57
|
Blönsdorf
|
French
|
Factory
& farm work
|
W
|
58
|
Wittenberg
|
French
|
munitions
factory
|
W
|
59
|
Wittenberg
|
French
|
munitions
factory
|
W
|
69
|
|
French
|
“Arado-Werke” aircraft factory
|
W
|
87
|
Klebitz
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
88
|
Mellnsdorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
93
|
Eutzsch
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
93
|
|
French
|
Factory
|
W
|
95
|
|
French
|
Sawmill
|
W
|
99
|
|
French
|
|
W
|
135
|
Lammsdorf
|
French
|
Farm
work
|
W
|
138
|
Moschwig-Wittenberg
|
French
|
munitions
factory
|
W
|
158
|
|
British
|
“Joly” iron works
|
W
|
163
|
|
French
|
Aluminium
factory
|
W
|
601
|
Reinsdorf
|
British
|
Brick factory
|
W
|
603
|
Bad Schmiedeberg
|
|
Brick works
|
W
|
610
|
???
|
British
|
Coal briquette factory ??
|